The forging operation machine upsetting of forging equipment is a forging process which reduces the blank height and increases the cross-sectional area. 

Upsetting process is mainly used for forging gear billet and round cake forgings. 

The upsetting process can be beneficial to the billet structure and reduce the anisotropy of mechanical properties. 

The repeated upsetting and drawing is beneficial to the morphology and distribution of carbides in high alloy tool steel. 

Upsetting mainly has the following three forms of complete upsetting. 

Complete upsetting is a plastic deformation in which the billet is placed vertically on the anvil surface and hammered by the upper anvil to reduce the billet height and increase the cross-sectional area. 

Upsetting at the end. 

After heating the blank, one end is placed in the leaky disk or tire die, the plastic deformation will be limited, and then hammered the other end of the blank to make it upsetting. 

The upsetting method of missing disk is mostly used in small batch production, and the method of die upsetting is mostly used in mass production. 

Under the condition of single piece production, the forging loading machine can heat the part that needs to be upsetting locally, or after all heating, the part that does not need to be upsetting can be cooled in water, and then upsetting can be carried out. 

Upsetting in the middle. 

This method is used for forging forgings with large intermediate section and small cross section at both ends, such as gear billet with convex platform on both sides. 

Before upsetting the billet, it is necessary to fine both ends of the billet, and then make the billet stand upright in the middle of the two leaky plates for hammering, so that the middle part of the billet is upsetting. 

In order to prevent the billet from bending during upsetting, the ratio of billet height h to diameter d is less than 2.5. 

Punching hole is the forging process of punching through hole or impenetrable hole on the blank. 

There are mainly two kinds of punching methods: double-sided punching method. 

When the punch is punched to the depth of 2-3-3-4 on the blank, the punch is taken out, the blank is turned over, and then the punch is used to align the position from the reverse side and punch out the hole to punch the hole on one side. 

The one-sided punching method can be used for blanks with small thickness. 

When punching, the blank is placed on the cushion ring, and the large end of a slightly tapered punch is aligned with the punching position, and the blank is hammered into the blank until the hole is penetrated.